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b0wk oAÁr*FvH
þt&d,m0go w&m;awmfBuD;pmtkyf jzpfay:vmyHk taMumif;udk a&;om;&mwGif-
1/ uRefawmfü i,f½G,fpOfu
todÓPf jzpfay:vmcJhyHk/
2/ aus;Zl;½Sif r[mpnf q&mawmfbk&m;xHodkY uRefawmf a&mufcJhyHk?
3/ uRefawmf w&m;vdkufpm;cJhyHk?
4/ t&d,m0go w&m;awmfBuD;udk emMum;cJhyHk?
5/ pmtkyftjzpf yHkESdyf&ef êud;pm;cJhyHk-- [lí tydkif; 5-ydkif; cGJum
a&;om;vdkygonf/
uRefawmfi,f½G,fpOfu
uRefawmfonf rEÅav;ûrdYü xif½Sm;ausmfapmcJhaom q&m0efBuD; OD;pHMuL;ESifh
ZeD; a':rrav;wdkYrS zGm;jrifcJhaom tBuD;qHk;om; jzpfygonf/
uRefawmf\ zcifBuD;onf trsm;aom &[ef;½Sifvl taygif;wdkYu oDv*kPfç orm"d*kPfESifh
jynfhpHkaom q&m0efBuD;[k *kPfûycJhonfhtavsmuf? xdkacwfu rEÅav;c½dkifwGif xif½Sm;ausmfapmcJh
ygonf/
tpdk;&trIxrf;tjzpf tESpf (30)cefYrQ xrf;aqmifNyD;aemuf tNidrf;pm;,lí
tjyifvlemrsm; udk
vufcHukocJh&mwGif tema&m*g raysmufuif;aom vlem[lí rawGY&oavmuf jzpfygonf/
uRefawmfonf xdkpOfu touf(15)ESpfcefY i,f½G,folwOD;jzpfí aumif;rGefpGm
a0zefEdkifpGrf;aom
todÓPfr½Sdao;&um;? ]]ighzciftygt0if q&m0efBuD;awG[m vlawGrSm jzpfwwfwJh
a&m*g[lorQudk ukefpifatmifaq;0g;jzifh wm;EdkifMuwmcsnf;bJ? vlrrmawGuom
vma&mufrukoMuvdkY raooifhbJ aoMuwmbJ? &efukefu q&m0efBuD;awGqdkvQif
ypönf;u&d,mawGuvJjynfhpHk? aq;0g; awGuvJ jynfhpHkMuawmh b,fa&m*grqdk
wm;qD;EdkifMurSmbJ}} [k vGJrSm;pGm ,lqrdcJhygonf/
uRefawmf\ rdbrsm;uvnf; ypönf;Opöm <u,f0jyef? *kPftoa& t½Sdeft0guvnf;
BuD;jyefonfhtjyif wdkuftdrfESifh armfawmfum;ESifhvnf; jzpfjyefaomaMumifh? raMumifhrMu
rawmifhrw&bJ pdwfoGm;wdkif;ukd,fygí vdk&mNyD;ajrmufae&um;? ]]vlYb0BuD;onf
csrf;omokcESifh jynfhpHkaom bHkAdrmefBuD;wck jzpfonf}}[k vGJrSm;pGm rSwf,lrdcJhygonf?
aojcif;w&m;udk rqdkxm;bd? qif;&Jjcif;udkyif rpOf;pm;cJhyg/
waeYaom uHMur®mzefvmyHku-uRefawmf\ rdcifBuD; rarQmfvifhbJ ESvHk;a&m*g
pGJuyfvmyg awmhonf/ (Congestive Heart Failure) [k ac:aom
a&m*gonf rdcifBuD;tm; aeYaygif;rsm;pGm naygif;rsm;pGm ESdyfpufcJhaomaMumifh?
rEÅav;ûrdYwGif tBuD;qHk;jzpfaom t*Fvdyfq&m0efBuD;ESifhtwl uRefawmf\ zcifBuD;onf
pGrf;tm;½Sdoavmuf tm;oGefcGefpdkuf ukoMuygaomfvnf;? rdcifBuD;rSm csrf;omcGifhr&bJ
b0wyg;odkY ajymif;oGm;ygawmhonf/
xdktcgusrSyif ]]vlwdkYü tcsdeft½G,fra½G; a&m*ga0'em uyfa&mufwwfonf? vlwdkYü
uyfa&mufwwfaom a&m*ga0'emwdkif;udk q&m0efBuD;rsm;onf rwm;jrpfEdkif? vlwdkYonf
BuD;onfç i,fonfr[l aowwfonf}} [laom todÓPfwdkY uRefawmfhrSm ay:vmygawmhonf/
rdcifBuD;uG,fvGefNyD;aemuf uRefawmfonf touf(23) ESpf t½G,fwGif aq;wuúodkvfodkY
ynmawmfoifa&mufygonf? aq;wuúodkvf cGJpdwfcef;wGif vlaoaumifrsm;ç vlYcE¨mudk,f
tpdwftydkif;rsm;udk aeYpOfawGYae&aomtcg ]]vlawG[m aooGm;wJhtcg iSufaysmwHk;ç
xif;wHk;yrm bmrStoHk;rusawmhyguvm;? wcsdefwkef;uqkd,if 'DvlaoaumifawG[m vlYavmurSm
olwdkYudk,folwdkY raoawmhrJhtwdkif; aysmfvdkuf yg;vdkufç armfvdkuf <um;vdkufESifh
aevmcJhMurSmbJ? rl;olurl;ç aomufpm;olu aomufpm;ç &rf;um;olu &rf;um;ç
rawmfrw&m;awG vkyfoluvkyfeJY xifovdk aevmcJhMurSmbJ? wcsdKYqdk,if b,fvdk BuD;yGg;atmif
vkyfjyvdkufr,f? a½SYESpfcg b,fodkY? vmrJh a½SYESpftcsdefrSm b,fyHk? b,fESpftwGif;rSm
b,fvdktqifhtwef;a&muf&r,f[k pDrHudef;awGcsNyD; arQmfvifhcsufBuD;awGeJY
pdwful;,OfvmMuayrJh waeYusawmh cEÅmudk,fysufûyef;NyD; ausmif;om;awG&JU (Anatomy) oifwJh
aq;wuúodkvf cGJpdwfcef;rSm pefYpefYBuD; a&mufvm&awmhwmbJ? olwdkY&JU
pDrHudef;awG arQmfvifhcsufawGeJYawmh tdk;pm;uGJvmcJhMuNyD}} [k awG;rdum oHa0*
&rdygonf/
waeYaomf uRefawmf\ q&mawmfbl;ol q&m0efBuD;wOD;onfyifvQif ½kwfw&uf
Oyapä'uuHaMumifh aovGefcJh&m? ol\½kyf<uif;rSm aq;½HkBuD; &ifcGJ½HkodkY
a&mufvmygawmhonf? tavmif;udk oGm;a&muf Munfh½Iaomtcg tm;tifoefpGrf;wkef;ç
t½G,faumif;wkef; jzpfygvsuf? ûAH;ueJ aovGefcJhav&m udk,ft*Fgtpdwftydkif;wdkY
jywfowfusdK;yJhNyD; aoaeonfudk awGY&aom uRefawmfrSm rsm;pGmxdwfvefY
wkefvIyfrdygawmhonf/
þodkY ted|m½Hkrsm;tMum;wGif usifvnfcJh&NyD;aemuf q&m0efjzpfvmjyefaomtcgüvnf;?
aq;wuúodkvfüyif enf;jyq&mtjzpf trIxrf;cJh&jyefaomaMumifh ted|m½Hkrsm;tMum;üyif
epfrGef;aecJh& jyefygonf/
xdktcsdefrSpí trsdK;rsdK;aom owdoHa0*wdkY jzpfay:vmum? rdbwdkYtpOftquf udk;uG,f
vmcJhaom
&wemoHk;yg;odkY pdwfnGwfp ûyvmygonf/
r[mpnfq&mawmfxH
a&mufcJhyHk
q|oH*g,emwifyGJBuD; rprD 1952-ckESpfodkY a&mufaomtcg? q|oH*g,emwif&eftwGuf
yd#uwfusrf;pmwdkYudk êudwifwnf;jzwfokwfoif&ef ,dk;',m;? oD[dkVf? uarÁm'D;,m;?
avmESifh jrefrmEdkifiH t&yf&yfrS oHCr[mem,uBuD;rsm;? r[max&fBuD;rsm;?
r[mygarmu©BuD;rsm;? usrf;wwfaywwf t"dywd rax&fBuD;rsm; &efukef
omoemh&dyfomodkY a&mufvmMuygonf/
uRefawmftm; ¤if;q&mawmf oHCmawmfrsm;udk we*FaEG wywfvQif 2-Budrfus apwemh0efxrf;
aq;0g;uko&ef EdkifiHawmf Ak'¨omoe tzGJY\ arwåm&yfcHcsuft&?
oGm;a&muf ukoaomaMumifh tqdkyg q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;rsm;\ tqHk;trMo0g'wdkYudk
rjywfMum;emcGifh &cJhygonf/
þomoemh&dyfomum; aus;Zl;½Sif r[mpnf q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; oDwif;oHk;&mXmeBuD;
jzpfaMumif;udk txl;a&;om;&ef rvdkyg? odkY&mwGif xdkpOfu uRefawmfESifh r[mpnf
q&mawmf bk&m;BuD;rSm awGU&qHk&cJvSygonf/
uRefawmfonf tcsdef&wdkif; omoema&;qdkif&m usrf;pmtkyfrsm;udk zwfavh½Sdygonf?
waeYoü "r®puúy0wåeokwf ygXfedó, usrf;pmtkyfudk zwfMum;&m (,HudOöd
ork',"r®H oAÁH wH eda&m""r®H) [laom tydk'fudk pdwf0ifpm;pGm
zwfrdygonf/
uRefawmf\ pdwfonf txl;tm;jzifh wkefvIyfrdygonf? þpmtkyfudk tomcsí avmuBuD;\
jzpfyHkysufyHkwdkYudk warQmfwac:BuD; awG;rd&m tcsdeftawmfMumoGm;ygawmhonf/
]]vlawG[m pdwfnpfol npf? a'gojzpfoljzpf? idkolidkeJY aumif;uGuf&,fvdkY r½Sd?
rdk;arSmifMuaewJh ncsrf;rSm wcsufwcsuf vQyfjyufovdk aomuAsmyg'awG tMum;rSm
wcsufwcsuf omvQif vlYcsrf;om okcqdkwm &MuwmbJ}} [k awG;rdygonf/
wckaomncsrf;ü 1313-ckESpf? wefaqmifrkef;vqkwf 14-&ufaeYnu t*¾r[my@dw
r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;onf toHvTifh XmerS toHvTifha[mMum;cJhaom r[mowdy|mef
w&m;awmfBuD; pmtkyfudk zwf½Irdygonf/
xdkw&m;awmfBuD;udk usifhoHk;ygu-
1/ pdwftnpftaMu;wdkYrS
oefY½Sif;pifMu,faponf/
2/ pdk;&drfylyefjcif;rS vGefajrmufEdkifonf/
3/ udk,fqif;&J pdwfqif;&JawG csKyfNidrf;Edkifonf/
4/ t&d,mr*fÓPfudkvJ &Edkifonf/
5/ tvGefw&mrS at;jronfh edAÁmefudkyif rsufarSmufûyEdkifonf-
[kawGY&aomaMumifh?
¤if;owdy|mefw&m;awmfBuD;udkrsm;pGm pdwf0ifpm;rdygawmhonf? r[mpnf
q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; a[mMum;awmfrlonfh w&m;yGJrsm;odkYvnf; oGm;a&muf
emMum;vdkpdwf jzpfay:vmygawmhonf/
tvkyfudpörsm;aom uRefawmfrSm pdwfoGm;wdkif; udk,frygcJhyg? odkY&mwGif
omoemh&dyfomodkY xdkpOfu we*FaEGwywfvQif 2-Budrfus aq;0g;uko&ef
a&mufavh½Sd&m? uRefawmfwdkYtm; {nfhcHavh ½Sdaom qGrf;pm;ausmif;rS a,m*D
a':at;Munfu r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD; a[mMum;awmfrlonfh pmtkyftopfrsm; xGufwdkif;
xGufwkdif;? vufaqmiftjzpf ay;avh½SdaomaMumifh aumif;pGm zwf½IcJh&ygonf/
xdktcg ]],cifu igodcJhaom w&m;todawG[m bm0emr,ÓPftm;jzifh odwJhtod r[kwfao;yguum;?
okwr,ÓPfç pdEÅmr,ÓPftodjzifh odwJh todawGom ½Sdao;ygwum;? bm0emr,ÓPfjzifh
odatmifêud;pm;&efwm0ef ighrSm ½Sdao;yguvm;}} [k awG;rdygonf/
vlawG[m þwb0wnf;ESifh rNyD;ao;yg? b0aygif;rsm;pGm usifvnfMu&ygOD;rnf?
rnfrQusifvnfMu&OD;rnfudkvJ b,folrQ rajymEdkifyg? edA©mefra&mufrDpyfMum; w0Jvnfvnf
usifvnf Mu&ygOD;rnf? vltjzpfjzifh usifvnfMu&vQif awmfygao;onf? wd&pämefb0ç
Nydwåmb0ponfwdkYjzifh usifvnfMu&ygrl aMumufp&maumif;vSygonf/
vlYb0jzifh usifvnf&jcif;onfyifvQif 'ku©awG 0dkif;0dkif;vnfaeygawmhonf? 'ku©wrsdK;rS
rvGwfao;cif aemufxyf 'ku©wrsdK; 0ifvmwwfygonf? þ'ku©awGNidrf;atmif pGrf;Ekdifwmuawmh
owdy|mefw&m;awmfBuD;bJ ½Sdonf[k em;vnfvmygonf? vufawGYjzpfatmif
êud;pm;tm;xkwfMunfhrS jzpfawmhrnf[k oabmaygufvmygawmhonf? odkY&mwGif pdwful;om
½SdcJhygao;onf? tvkyfcGifodkY ra&mufao;yg/
rEkówåbma0g 'kvabm-[laom ygVdt& ]]vlYtjzpfudk &cJonf}} [k &[ef;
½Sifvltrsm; a[mMu ajymMuygonf? odkY&mwGif vljzpfjcif;\ wefbdk;udkrl wu,fodol
eJMuygonf? vlUb0udk &jcif;onf tdrfaxmifjcif;ç om;arG;jcif;ç vlYpnf;pdrfudk
cHpm;jcif;wdkYtwGufavmufom r[kwf? rsufarSmufb0 twGuf¤if;? wrvGefb0twGuf¤if;? vkdtyfaom
yg&rDwdkYudk jznfhusifh&ef twGufvnf; jzpfygonf? ,ckb0ü vljzpfvmonfrSmvnf; twdwfb0
wckcku jznfhusifhqnf;yl;cJhaom yg&rD taxmuftyHhaMumifh jzpfav&m?
edAÁmefa&mufa&;ESifh edAÁmefra&mufrD pyfMum;twGuf vdktyfaom
yg&rDwdkYudkvnf; ,ck ypöu©b0wGif jznfhusifhMubdkY vkdygao;onf/
txl;tm;jzifh ,ckvdk Ak'¨omoemESifh êuHêudufonfh tcdkuf0,f? Ak'¨w&m;awmft&
rdrd\ pdwfudk &ifhusufatmif xdef;odrf;onfh enf;udk½SmazGjcif;? ukd,fwdkifvufawGY
usifhoHk;jcif;? tem*wf b0rsm;pGmwdkY twGufaumif;aom taxmuftyHh&atmif qnf;yl;jcif;?
usifhoHk;jcif; tvkyfwdkYudk vkyfMubdkY rsm;pGmvdktyfygonf?
odkY&mwGif þodkYûyvkyf qnf;yl;MuolwdkYum; ½Sm;yg;vSygonf? om;ESifh o®D;ESifhç
aqGESifhrsdK;ESifhç &mxl;*kPfod&f pnf;pdrf OpömESifh ,pfrl;um ]]i&Jyef;udk
a½Tyef;tvm;}} txifrSm;í pGJ,louJhokdY? 'ku©wckNyD; wck cHpm;ae&onfudkyif
okcwrsdK;[k txifrSm;NyD;? idkvdkufç &,fvdkufjzifh vlYb0udk oHk;ûzef;ypfaeMu ygonf/
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ponftaetm;jzifh 0ifh<um;um ae&onfudkyif r[mokcBuD;[k ,lqMuygonf? ¤if;wdkY\
ZeD;rsm;uvnf; 0efBuD;uawmfBuD;? olaX;uawmfBuD;? q&m0efuawmfBuD;? t&m½SduawmfBuD;
ponf taetm;jzifh 0ifh<um;um vnfwefwarmharmhjzifh ]]raoaq;udk pm;xm;olwdkYtvm;}}
Zmwdrmef? "ermef? *kPfrmef? ynmrmefwdkY wufaewwfMuavonf/
w&m;vdkufpm;jcif;
vl[lonf azmufjyef ysufpD;jcif;r½Sdaom t&m0w¬KwdkYpka0;í xkvkyfxm;onfh t&mr[kwf?
azmufjyefysufpD;wwfaom oabmw&m;wkdY\ tpkta0;jzpfay&m waeYaomf
azmufjyefysufpD;jcif;odkY a&mufMu&ayrnf/
vHk;0 ysufûyef;onftxd azmufjyef ysufpD;jcif;odkY ra&mufrD twGif;üyif om;udpöç
o®D;udpöç r,m;udpöç aqGrsKd;udpöç pm;0wfaea&;udpöç azmfrjyEdkifaom
udk,fwGif;a&;udpöwkdYaMumifh pdwfaomuAsmyg'wkdY rMumrMum a&muf&aomaMumifh
tdyfraysmfjcif;ç ESvHk;wkefjcif;ç aoG;wdk;jcif;ç ESvHk;aoG;aMumydwfjcif; paom
a&m*gwkdY pGJuyfvmwwfayonf/
tcsKdYaom vl*kPfwef vl&nfwwfwkdYurl ¤if;wkdYü jzpfvmaom a&m*ga0'emwkdYudk
¤if;wkdY\ ypönf;Opöm &wema½TaiGjzifh zv,fí ukovQif &vdrfhtHh[k ,lqMuonf?
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,HkMunfMuavonf/ uRefawmfvnf; wcsdefu þodkYyif ,HkMunfcJhygonf/
a&aMumifhjzpfaom tnpftaMu;udk a&jzifhyif aq;aMum okwfoifygrSom pifMu,fouJhodkY?
pdwfaMumifh jzpfay:vmaom a&m*ga0'emudkvnf; pdwfjzifhyif jyefvnfukoygrSom
aysmufuif;bG,f&m ½Sdygonf/
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rwnfNidrf? oGm;vkdYvJ [efr&? xdkifvkdYvJ raumif;vS? tdyfvkdYvJ raysmfonfh
a&m*ga0'em pGJuyfvmygawmhhonf? av;yg;aom £&d,mykxf ysufjym;jcif;rSm tqdk;0g;qHk;
jzpfygonf/
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pGJuyfvmonfhtcg pdwfwnfNidrfrI &½Sd&eftwGif b0ifNidrfaq;vHk;
(OD;aESmufNidrfaq;vHk;)ac: (Tranquiliser) aq;wkdYudk aqmifxm;avh ½SdMuygonf/
urÇmt&yf&yf½Sd tcsKdYaom ynmwwfavmü¤if;? vl*kPfwef vl&nfwwfavmuü¤if;? þ
(Tranquiliser) aq;udk aqmifxm;jcif;onfyifvQif zuf½SifwrsKd;
jzpfaeavonf/
¤if;aq;vHk;onf pm;oHk;aomtcdkufü OD;aESmufudk w'*Ftm;jzifh ESpfodrfhrI&apí pdwfonf
wnfNidrfvmwwfygonf/
tdyfraysmfolrsm;onf ¤if;aq;udk tñTef;twdkif; oHk;pGJMuav&m? tdyfpufcGifh tawmftwef
&Muayonf? tdyf&mrS Ekd;aomtcgürl OD;aESmuf½Sif;vif;NyD; pdwfMunfvif vmwwfygonf?
odkY&mwGif ]]aejrifhav t½l;&ifhav}} qdkouJhodkY wjznf;jznf; aejrifhí
vkyfief;cGifodkY0ifaomtcg? OD;aESmufonf 'Hk;&if;twdkif; jyefvnfaemufusKvmaomaMumifh
pdwfonfvnf; rMunfrvif jzpfvmjyefygawmhonf? xkdtcg olwyg;tm; rvkdkrkef;xm;vdkpdwf?
raumif;BuHvdkpdwf? olwyg; ajymonfudk [kwfonf rSefonf[k r,HkMunfvdkpdwfwdkY xyfwvJvJ?
jzpfvmygawmhonf/
uRefawmfudk,fwdkifvnf; wcgu þaq;udkaqmifxm;&ol jzpfcJhbl;ygonf? odkY&mwGif
uRefawmfrSm tnTef;twdkif; oHk;aqmifaomfvnf; wnvHk; tdyfpufcGifhr&aomaMumifh?
tñTef;xufydkí oHk;aqmifygrSom wnvQif 2-em&D 3-em&DcefYrQ tdyfcGifh&cJhygonf/
1324-ckESpf wefaqmifrkef;v\ wnoü tdyfraysmfí udpötrsdK;rsdK;? taMumif;trsdK;rsdK;?
vltrsdK;rsdK;? yk*¾dKvftrsdK;rsdK;wdkYudk awG;&if;awm&if;u
uHaumif;axmufrcsdefa&mufvmaom uRefawmfonf r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\
0dyóemw&m;taMumif;udkvnf; awG;rdygonf/
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wefcdkuawmh tcdkuftwefYbJ wefcdk;jywmbJ? r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\ 0dyóem tvkyfay;
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tdyf&may:üyif yufvufvSefí tdyf&if; 0rf;ydkufudk pl;pdkufum
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vufawGY½IrSwfygonf? tcsdefrnfrQ MumoGm;rnfrodyg? ½IrSwfaeaom pdwfonf aysmufuG,fí
tdyfaysmfoGm;ygawmhonf/
eHeufvif;í tdyf&mrS Edk;aomtcg vGefpGmtHhMoí 0rf;ajrmufrdygonf? ]]ig\tbdkY
taumif;qHk;aompdwfudk xdef;odrf;EdkifrS enf;aumif;udk&NyD;}} [k 0rf;omrqHk;
jzpfrdygonf? bk&m;½Sif\ *kPfawmfudk¤if;? w&m;awmf\ *kPfawmfudk¤if;
tzefzefyGg;rdonfhtjyif? r[mpnf q&mawmfbk&m;\ aus;Zl;*kPfwdkYudkvnf;
OD;nGwfrdygonf? uRefawmf\pdwfonfvnf; txl;ojzifh Munfvifaeygonf? &yfaumif;? oGm;aumif;?
xdkifaumif;? tvkyf-vkyfvdkYvJaumif; jzpfaeygawmhonf/
]]bk&m;½Sif\ w&m;awmft&omonf t&omwumwdkYxuf tjrwfqHk; jzpf\}}[k
&[ef;½Sifvltaygif;wdkY ajymMua[mMuygonf? uRefawmfurl ]]w&m;udk½IrSwfaom ol\
pdwfonf (Tranquiliser) aq;udk oHk;aqmifolrsm;pGmwdkY\ pdwfxuf wnfNidrfonf}} [k
,HkMunfygonf/
xdkYaMumifh Ak'¨½Sifawmfjrwf\ w&m;awmfonf pdwfwnfNidrfrItwGuf? taumif;qHk;aom (Tranquiliser) aq;BuD;jzpfaMumif;udk uRefawmf&J0HhpGm 0efcHygonf/
uRefawmfonf omoemh&dyfomü apwemh0efxrf; aq;0g;ukocJhonfh 1952-ckESpfrS pí
w&m;t&omudkodonfh aeYwdkifatmif jyefvnfa&wGufvQif (11)ESpfcefY
umvMumanmif;cJhygNyD? ¤if; (11)ESpftwGif;0,f r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;tm;
b0jyóemudk ar;jref;avQmufxm;pOfu q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;ESifh &if;ESD;pGm
"r®o0er*Fvmudk cH,lcJh&onfrSty w&m;t&omudk bm0emr,ÓPf jzifh odonftxd
udk,fwdkiftm;rxkwfcJhrdaomaMumifh jyefvnfí awG;rdwdkif; ,lêuH;r& jzpfrdygonf? xdk
(11)ESpf umvtwGif;ü w&m;t&omudk bm0emr,ÓPfjzifh odatmif tm;rxkwfcJhjcif;rSm
uRefawmf\ cRwf,Gif;aom udpöw&yf jzpfygonf/
þuJhokdY w&m;t&omudk odonfhaeYrSpí uRefawmfonf npOftdyf&m0ifwdkif;
azmif;onfç ydefonfudk r½IrSwfbJ tdyfavhhr½Sdawmhyg? azmif;ç ydef
½IrSwf&jcif;onfyifvQif uRefawmhtbdkY taumif;qHk;aom (Tranquiliser) jzpfygawmhonf/
w&m;oabmudk uRefawmf tus,frajymjywwfyg/ r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;onf
omoemh&dyfomodkY w&mtm;xkwf&ef vma&mufMuukefaom &[ef;½Sifvlwdkif;tm;
w&m;ay;onfhtcg a[mMum;awmfrlavh½Sdonfudk toHzrf;,lí pmtkyftjzpf yHkESdyfxm;aom
]]0dyóem tvkyfay; w&m;awmfBuD;}} pmtkyfü ygonfhtwdkif; ½IrSwfjcif; jzpfygonf/
uRefawmfonf 1963-ckESpf? Zefe0g&Dv (1)&ufaeYrS pí aeYpOfeHeufwdkif; eHeuf
5-em&DrS 6-em&Dtxd? 1-em&DcefYtcsdef,lí 0dyóemw&m;udk
rSefrSeftm;xkwfvmcJhygonf? uRefawmf\ pdwfrsm;onf odrfarGYEl;nHhvmí todÓPfrsm;vnf;
wdk;wufvmygonf? aMumufonfç vefYonfqdkaom t&mwdkYvnf; wpwp yg;vmívm;rod?
tpGrf;owådwkdYvnf; xufjrufvmygonf? tyg,fwHcg;udkvnf; jyefvnfí ryGifhapvdkawmhyg?
þb0rSpí vHk;0ydwfoGm;bkdY&mom pl;pdkufrdygonf? xdkif;rIdif;awGa0aom pdwfwkdYvnf;
enf;yg;vmaomaMumifh uRefawmf\pdwfrSm ayghyg;vmygawmhonf? r*fÓPfudk r&onfwdkifatmif
rsufarSmufwGifyif 'd|"r®tusKd;wkdYudk cHpm;oifhoavmuf cHpm;ae&ygNyD/
t&d,0gow&m;awmfudk
emMum;&jcif;
r*fÓPfudk &oGm;aom t&d,myk*¾dKvftawmfrsm;rsm; ½Sdonf[k uRefawmfMum;bl;ygonf?
¤if;t&d,myk*¾dKvfwdkY\
pdwfaeoabmxm; ÓPf&nfÓPfoGm; tusifhw&m;udk uRefawmfawGY&ef
rpGrf;Edkifaomvnf; t&d,myk*¾dKvfwkdY\aejcif; t&d,m0go t*Fg(10)yg;udkrl
tEkrmeÓPfjzifh axmufqí ynmrsufpdjzifh EIdif;,SOfMunfh½IygvQif ]]þolonf t&d,m?
þolonf t&d,m r[kwf}}[k rkcsodjrifEdkifonf[k anmif&rf; 0dedpä, aygif;csKyfusrf;
yXrtkyf pmrsufESm (627)ü azmfjyxm;onfudk zwf½IrSwfom;&ygonf/ odkY&mwGif
uRefawmftaetm;jzifh jynfhpHkvHkavmufpGm em;rvnfcJhyg? rnfodkY em;vnfatmif
ûyvkyf&ygtHhenf;[k awmifhwarQmfvifhrdygonf/
uRefawmftzdkY tarSmifudkcGifhrnfh aea&mifç va&mifwdkYonf wckNyD; wck
xGufay:vm ouJhodkY uRefawmf odvdkonfh w&m;wdkYudk wrf;wírQ rMumjrifhrD odbdkY&m
taMumif; qHkvm êuHvmwwfonfu rsm;ygonf/
waeYaom aomMumaeY\ naecsrf;0,f omoemh&dyfomodkY a,m*Drsm;tm; aq;0g;uko ay;&eftoGm;?
uRefawmfwdkYESifh &if;ESD;vSaom "r®rdwfaqGBuD; a,m*D a':at;Munfu
q&mMum;embdkY iSg;vmygw,f? at;at;aq;aq;zGifhNyD Mum;emyg[k ajym&if; wdwfacGrsm;udk
ay;vmygonf/
¤if;wdwfacGrsm;um; aus;Zl;½Sif r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;onf oHvsifûrdYü (2)
nwdkifwdkif a[mMum;awmfrlcJhaom t&d,m0gow&m;awmfBuD;udk w&m;olBuD; OD;odef;[Hu
toHzrf;,lvmcJhaom wdwfacGrsm;jzpfaMumif; od&ygonf? uRefawmhtzdkY twdkif;xuftvGef
0rf;omvSygonf/
xdkaeYnwGif;csif;yif &dyfomrStjyef vrf; 50-½SduRefawmf\rdwfaqGBuD;
OD;xGef;wiftdrfodkY oGm;a&mufum ¤if;wdkYtdrfom;rsm;ESifhtwl zGifhí
Mum;emMu&ygonf? uRefawmfonf wBudrfwcgrQ r&bl; rjrifbl;aom &wemxkyfudk
&ouJhodkY twdkif;xuftvGef 0rf;omrqHk; jzpfygonf? OD;xGef;wifwdkY tdrfom;rsm;vnf;
t&d,m0gow&m;awmfBuD;udk 2-em&DcefYrQ NidrfoufpGmjzifh w½dkwao emMum;Muonfudk
awGY&ygonf/
uRefawmfrSm þt&d,m0gow&m;awmfudk emMum;vdkY r0Edkifyg? þw&m;awmfBuD;udk
odem;vnf&ygrl aumif;avpG[k pdwfü jzpfay:vmygonf? okdYaomfvnf; ynmoifMum;csdefu
ygarmu©u jzpfap? uxduujzpfap ta&;BuD;aom ynm&yfwdkYudk 1-em&DcefYrQ
oifMum;ydkYcsNyD;aemuf twef;tjyifodkY jyefxGufvmMuaomtcg tyHk 100-yHkvQif 25-rQom
rSwfrdMuonfu rsm;ygonf? tyHk 100-yHkvQif 50-rQ rSwfrdolum; tvGef½Sm;yg;ygonf?
tvGefrSwfÓPfaumif;olwdkYonfomvQif tyHk 100-\ xuf0ufcefY rSwfrdMuygonf?
¤if;t&d,m0gow&m;awmfBuD;udk 2-em&DcefYrQ emMum;&aom uRefawmfrSmum;
w&m;emqJüom 0rf;yef;womjzpfNyD;vQif emí aumif;aomfvnf; w&m;yGJ NyD;aomtcg tyHk
100-\ 25-yHkcefYavmufom jyefvnfrSwfrdygawmhonf/
pmtkyftjzpfyHkESdyf&ef
uRefawmhtzdkYrSmum; þt&d,m0go w&m;awmfBuD;udk xyfwvJvJ Mum;emcsifygonf? trsm;aom
"r®rdwfaqGwdkYudkvnf; emMum;apcsifygonf? okdY&mwGif þw&m;wdwfacGrsm;rSm
uRefawmfydkif r[kwfyg? tu,fíom w&m;toHrS pmtjzpfodkY ul;,lum
yHkESdyfjzefYcsD&vQif rdrdtwGufa&m trsm;aom "r® rdwfaqGwdkYtwGufyg
vGefpGmaus;Zl;rsm;vdrfhtHh[k tMuHjzpfay:vmygonf? "r®'geukodkvfudkvnf; ,lvdkygonf?
þodkY tMuHjzpfonfhtavsmuf aemufwaeYwGif aus;Zl;½Sif r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;xHokdY
oGm;a&mufzl;ajrmfí? t&d,m0go w&m;awmfBuD;udk pmtkyftjzpf
yHkESdyfcGifhûyyg&ef ½dkaopGm cGifhyefavQmufxm;cJhygonf/
q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;xHrS cGifhûycsuf&cJhNyD;aemuf? ¤if;wdwfacGay:ü½Sdaom
toHw&m;udk pmw&m; jzpfvmatmif ul;,la&;twGuf? trsdK;om;pDrHudef;XmerS
vufa&;wdk pma&;jzpfol uRefawmfESifh cifrif&if;ESD;aom wlrav; rEkEktm;
tultnDawmif;&jyefygonf/
rEkEkonf i,f½G,foljzpfaomfvnf; &wemoHk;yg; q&morm;wdkYudk ½dkaoav;pm;wwfol
wOD;jzpfonfhtavsmuf? uRefawmfawmif;cHonfh tultnDudk 0rf;ajrmufpGm ulnDrnf jzpfygaMumif;
uwdûyNyD;vQif? jzLpifaom apwemjzifh toHrSpmjzpfvmatmif (5)&uftwGif;
tNyD;ul;,lay;cJhygonf/
pmrludk q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;xHodkY jyefvnfqufuyf&m? q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;onf
wvcefY tcsdef,lí wnf;jzwfjyifqif ay;oem;awmfrlcJhygonf? pmtkyftjzpfyHkESdyf&eftwGuf
uRefawmftm; pmayudpöESifh ywfowfí tultnDay;avh½Sdaom Ak'¨"r®avmu
w&m;pmapmift,f'Dwm r*Fvm OD;atmifjrifhtm; tultnD awmif;cH&jyefygonf/
r*FvmOD;atmifjrifhu þpmrlü ed'gef;vdkygao;onf? þpmtkyfjzpfay:vmjcif;rSm q&m\
êud;pm;rIaMumifhjzpf&m ed'gef;udkvnf; q&monfyifvQif a&;oifhygonf[k
wdkufwGef;jyefaomaMumifh? þed'gef;udkvnf; wlrav; rEkEk\ tultnDjzifhyif
a&;om;cJhygonf/
þ t&d,m0go w&m;awmfBuD; pmtkyfudk r*Fvm OD;atmifjrifh\ tultnDjzifh £pämo,
yHkESdyfwdkufü yHkESdyfcJhygonf? pmtkyfjzpfay:vmjcif;\ taMumif;ed'gef;um;
þrQjzifh jynfhpHkvHkavmuf ygNyD? okdY&mwGif "r®rdwfaqGwdkYodkY tcGifhomcdkufrSm
wdkufwGef;pum; a&;om;vdkygao;onf/
"r®rdwfaqGtaygif;wdkY? uRefawmfwdkY wawG[m oHo&mrSm usifvnfaeMuwJh olawG
jzpfavawmh rtdkcsifbJESifhvnf; tdkMu&onf? remcsifbJESifhvnf; emMu&onf?
raocsifbJESifhvnf; aoMu&onf? aoNyD;jyefawmhvnf; wzef b0opfü rjzpfcsifayrJh
jzpfMu&OD;rnf? jzpfjyefawmhvnf; udk,fjzpfcsif&m b0ücsnf; jzpf&onfr[kwf?
ouúm,'d|duif;ao;aom yk*¾dKvfrSmqdkvQif i&Jüvnf; jzpfEdkifonf? wd&pämefüvnf;
jzpfEdkifonf? Nydwåmüvnf; jzpfEdkifonf? tok&um,f qdkonfh tyg,fb0üvnf; jzpfEdkifonf?
rjzpfygapESifh[k awmifhwvdkYvnf; &onfr[kwf? ûyvkyfcJhaom uHtm;avsmfpGm
oljzpfcsif&mrSm jzpfoGm;wwfygonf/
xdkYaMumifh oHo&mqdkwm aoaocsmcsmodvQif tvGefaMumufp&m aumif;ygonf?
oHo&mab;BuD;rS vGwfajrmuf&ef edAÁmefa&mufaMumif;jzpfonfh 0dyóemw&m;udk
tm;xkwfMubdkY txl; wdkufwGef;vdkygonf/
oHo&mwckvHk;u rvGwfajrmufao;awmifrS tyg,foHo&mrS vGwfajrmufatmif
w&m;tm;xkwfMubdkY vkdygonf? tyg,foHo&mab;BuD;odkY usapEdkifonfh
ouúm,'d|dpGJBuD;udk t<uif;rJhy,fEdkifatmif tm;xkwfrSvnf; tyg,foHo&mu vGwfygrnf/
]]ouúm,'d|dudk t<uif;rJh y,fEdkifwJh t&d,mr*fzdkvfw&m;awG avmukwå&m oDv
orm"d ynmawGeJY jynfhpHkatmif tm;xkwf&r,f}} vdkY aus;Zl;½Sif
r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\ 0dyóemtvkyfay;w&m;awmfBuD; pmtkyfü qdkxm;ygonf/
«b,fvdktm;xkwf&rnfudk odvdkonfh pdwfjzpfay:vmí ur®|mef;q&mawmfrsm;jzpfaom
OD;y@dwESifh OD;Z0ewdkYxHü ½dkaopGm csOf;uyfNyD; tvkyfay;w&m;awmfBuD;udk
ay;oem;awmfrl&ef avQmufxm;ygonf/ ur®|mef;q&mawmf t½Sifjrwfrsm;uvnf;
q&mawmfBuD; jyoawmfrlaom enf;twdkif; jyoawmfrlygonf/»
uRefawmfonf 1962-ck? ZEé0g&Dv(1)&ufaeYrSpNyD; aeYpOfeHeufwdkif; 5-em&DrS
6-em&Dtcsdefwdkifatmif 1-em&D MumrQ 0dyóemw&m; tm;xkwfMunfhcJhygonf/
cE¨mudk,fay:wGif jzpfay:orQwdkYudk ½IrSwfMunfhaomtcg 0rf;ydkufonf ,ciftwdkif;yif
azmif;vdkuf ydefvdkufESifh jzpfaeonfudk odae&ygonf/ xdkuJhodkY odaeonfhMum;xJu
uRefawmf\ vlrrmrsm;udk rsufaphxJwGif jrifvmygonf/
wzefvlrrmrsm;\ rsufESmawG aysmufuG,fNyD; cifrif&if;ESD;aom rdwfaqGtcsif;csif;
&,fp&m armp&majymcJhonfh taMumif;rsm;udk jyefvnf awG;rdygonf/ awG;rd&mrS
wzef ajcaxmufü emusifjcif;ESifh em;0ü tcH&cufavmufatmif ,m;,Hjcif;
aysmufoGm;NyD;aemuf aygifusifvmjyefonfudk owdûyrdygonf/ aygifuusifaeonfhae&modkY
pdwfa&mufoGm;&mrS wcsdefu wOD;wa,mufESifh pum;ajymrwJhí pdwfqdk;cJh&aom
taMumif;rsm;jyefNyD; ay:vmonfudk owd&vmygonf/ uRefawmfonf ½IrSwforQwdkYudk
q&mawmft½Sifjrwftm; avQmufxm;Munfh&m? q&mawmft½SifjrwfwdkYu ]]wumBuD;
w&m;xdkif&if; ay:vmorQ aumif;qdk;cHpm;rIawG odrIawG t&ifu êuHawGUcJh&wJh
taMumif;rsdK;pHkawGudk cyfMumMum pdkufNyD;awmhom ½IrSwfMunhfyg/ wu,fvdkY wumBuD;
BuHqxm;wmawGxJu w&m;xdkifwJhtcsdefrSm ay:vmvdkY½SdvQifvJ wjcm;udk pdwfra&mufapbJ
'DawG;awm BuHqrIawG tay:rSmom tm½HkpdkufNyD; ½IrSwfyg/ bmudkbJawG;awG; emwm? usifwm?
anmif;wm? udkufwm? xHkwmawGudk b,fvdkbJ cHpm;ae&ae& pdwfrysufeJY}} [k
rdefYawmfrlygonf/
qDG'iftrsdK;orD;oDv½Sif
uRefawmfonf waeYvQifwBudrf? wBudrfvQif wem&DrQom w&m;xdkifvmcJh&mrS wvausmfrQ
MumvmcJhaomfvnf; w&m;awmf\t&omudk b,fvdkcHpm;&rSef;rodí
pdwfysufovdkjzpfvmygonf? pdwfysufonfhMum;xJJu wzefjyefí awG;rdjyefaomtcg omoemh
&dyfomodkYvma&muf w&m;tm;xkwf Muaom olawmfpiftaygif;wdkYonf w&m;awmf\
t&omudkodNyD; ÓPfpOfemoGm;Muonf/ omoemh&dyfomrS rdkifaygif;rsm;pGm a0;uGmvSaom
Oa&mywdkuf taemufurf;ajc? qGD'ifjynfrS qGD'ifvlrsdK; oDv½SifrBuD; a':trdwåmuyif
ÓPfpOfemNyD;aomtcgü "Meditation is a very
Marvellous Process"
(t"dyÜg,frSm w&m;tm;xkwf&wm odyfxl;qef;'gbJ) [k uRefawmhtm; omoemh&dyfom
aq;cef;xJwGif xkwfazmfajymoGm;cJhbl;onf/
rsm;pGmaom oltaygif;wdkYonf w&m;awmf\ t&omudk wu,frcHpm;&bJESifh
cHpm;&onf[k ajymMurnfh yk*¾dKvfrsm; r[kwf/ 8-yg;oDvudk apmifhxdef;xm;Muaom
olrsm;jzpfonf/ t&omtppftrSefudk awGUíom ajymjyoGm;wef&monf/ q&mawmfrsm;uvnf;
w&m;xdkif&if; ay:vmorQudkom ½IrSwfoGm;yg/ ½IrSwfoGm;&if;u w&m;\
wu,fht&momudk awGY&vdrfhrnf[k wdkufwGef;Muonf/ igvnf; ZGJoefoefjzifh w&m;udk
tm;xkwfMunfhOD;rnf[k pdwfudkwif;um jyefNyD;w&m;udk ½IrSwfjyef&m
taumif;tqdk;cHpm;rIrsm;ESifh êuHawGUrIrsm; ay:vmonfh tcgwdkif; ½IrSwfvmcJh&if;u
uRefawmf\ pdwfonf xdktm½Hkrsm;ay:üom usa&mufaeygonf/
xdkuJhodkY ½IrSwfavhvmMunfh&mrS ay:vmorQ? xdawGYrIrsm;? aumif;qdk; cHpm;rIrsm;onf
rnfodkY jzpfoGm;onfudk od½Sdvmygonf/ emusifjcif;rsm;? anmif;nmjcif;? udkufcJjcif; paom
cHpm;rIrsm;onf ay:NyD;aysmufuG,foGm;onfudk od½Sd&ygonf/
w&m;t&om
1962-ck? ZEé0g&Dv 1-&ufaeYrSpNyD; w&m;xdkifvmcJh&mrS 1962-ck?
'DZifbmvxJodkY a&mufvmaomtcg eHeufcif;wcsdefwGif uRefawmfonf razmfjyEdkifaom
w&m;t&omuav;udk cHpm;vdkuf&ygonf/
xdkt&omuav;rSm uRefawmf\ woufwmwGif cHpm;cJh&aom rnfonfht&omESifhrQ
rwlaMumif;udk od½SdoGm;ygonf/ xdkt&omuav;udk cHpm;&NyD;aemuf 1963-ckESpf?
azazmf0g&Dv 25-&ufaeYnae 4;30-em&DtcsdefwGif uRefawmfonf ÓPfpOfw&m;udk
½dkaopGmemMum;cGifh &oGm;ygonf/
ÓPfpOfw&m; emNyD;jcif;onf w&m;tm;xkwfonfhtvkyf NyD;qHk;oGm;ao;onf r[kwfao;yg/
qufvufNyD; tm;xkwf&ef½Sdygao;aMumif;udk od½Sdygonf/ odkYygaomfvnf vlYavmutv,fü
yvdaAm"rsdK;pHkawGudk aeYpOfESifhtrQ &ifqdkifae&aom uRefawmhtzdkY
w&m;tm;xkwfjcif;ESifh uif;uGm&rnfh taMumif;onf ay:aygufvmcJhygonf/
avmukwå&me,fy,fü arGUavsmfaecJhaom uRefawmfonf
rvGJra½SmifEdkifaomtaMumif; aMumifh
avmuDe,ftwGif;odkY jyef0ifvdkuf&jyefygonf/ p&P ukokdvfûy&eftwGuf
urÇmat; oHCaq;½HkBuD;ü wm0efxrf;aqmif&ef taMumif; ay:vmcJhygonf/
0rf;ydkufem
oHCaq;½HkBuD;wGif wm0efrsm;udk xrf;aqmif&if;u uRefawmfonf 1966-ck? Mo*kwfv
11-&ufaeYn 10-em&DtcsdefwGif aetdrfodkY jyefa&mufNyD; tdyf&m0ifaomtcg
woufwGif wBudrfwcgrQ rcHpm;&bl;cJh aom 0rf;ydkufemudk cHpm;vdkuf&ygonf/
0rf;ydkuftwGif;ütlrsm;udk wtm;vufjzifh qGJqkyfxm;ovdk tcH& cufvSaom emusifrIBuD;onf
uRefawmhtm; pwifESdyfpufvmygawmhonf/
uRefawmf\0rf;ydkufwGif;u atmifhovdkvdk emovdkvdkvnf; xif&ygonf/ tcH&cufaom
a0'emaMumifh yufvufvnf; tdyfvdkYr&? arSmufvsufvnf; tdyfvdkYrjzpf? apmif;aejyefvQifvJ
w'ku© jzpfaeygonf/ 0rf;oGm;ypfvdkufvQifa&m*g oufomoGm;vdrfhrnf[k xifrdonfhtavsmuf
0rf;EIwfaq; u&if;atmh(zf) ruf*eDqD,m (Cream of
Magnesia) udk,lí aomufvdkufygonf/
roufomvSyg? roufomonfhtwGuf ZeD;jzpfoltm; 0rf;csLcdkif;jyefygonf/
ZeD;jzpfolu 0rf;csLay;aomfvnf; oufomroGm;yg/ 0rf;oGm;vdkYr&í ig\ tlvrf;aMumif;
ydwfaeNyD[k odoGm;ygonf/
tlvrf;aMumif;ydwfNyD[k odonfESifhwûydifeuf ao&awmhrnfh ta&;udk awG;rdvmygonf/
awG;rdonfESifh wûydifeuf r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD; a[mMum;awmfrlonfh Owåd,ax&f
O'gef;usL;&ifhawmfrlaom atmufygax&*gxmuav;udk owd&rdvmygonf/
tmAma" arorkyÜaEé?
owd ar O'yZÆx/
tmAma"m ar orkyÜaEém?
umavm ar e yrZÆdwHk/
(þ*gxmuav;\ t"dyÜg,fudk r[mpnf q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\ EIwfcGef;qufw&m;awmf
pmtkyfxJrSm awGU½SdEdkifygonf/)
½IrSwfjcif;om
axmufwnf&m
jyif;xefpGm cHpm;ae&aom 0rf;ydkufemusifrItwGuf nnf;ñlaejcif;jzifh tusdK;xl;rnf r[kwf?
a'gojzpfNyD; ab;em;½Sdvlrsm;udk Budrf;armif;qJqdkaejyef,ifvJ a&m*gaysmufrnfr[kwf?
tukodkvfom jzpfawmhrnf? ao&rnfh twlwl ,cifu ½IrSwfcJhaom w&m;awmfudkom
axmufwnf&m tjzpf jyefvnf½IrSwfawmhrnf[k pdwfwGif ydkif;jzwfvdkufygonf/
pdwfydkif;jzwfNyD;onfESifh wûydifeuf 1962-ckESpftwGif; w&m;tm;xkwfpOfu
uRefawmf\ cE¨mudk,fwGif ay:vmaom a0'emqdk;rsm;tay:ü uRefawmf\todpdwfuav;udk
wxyfwnf;usaeatmif wifxm;NyD; pl;pdkufMunfhygawmhonf/
w&m;tm;xkwfpOfu êuHawGY&aom a0'emonf cE¨mü½Sdvsufom aeonfudk
txift½Sm; odcJh&onf/ w&m;omxdkifrMunfhcJhvQif a0'emrsm;½Sdaeonfudk
od&efcJ,Of;vdrfhrnf xifygonf/
rnfuJhodkYaom a0'emrsdK;udk cHpm;ae&onf jzpfap? tcH&cufaeonfh
cE¨mtpdwftydkif; ay:üom uRefawmf\pdwfudk wifxm;NyD; ½IrSwfMunfhcJh&mwGif
atmufygtwkdif; awGY&ygonf/
0rf;ydkuftwGif;½Sd tlawGrSm wif;MuyfpGm ñSpfxm;bdouJhodkY xif&ygonf/ ydwfqdkYaeonfh
tpmtdrfESifhtlrsm; wdkYrSm azmif;um;aeNyD; tpma[mif;rsm;ESifh jynfhESufvsuf½Sdonfudkyg
owdûyrdygonf/ tpmtdrfESifhtlrsm; azmif;wufaeonfhtwGuf uRefawmf\ 0rf;ydkufwjyifvHk;rSm
*syfjym;uJhodkY wif;rmvsuf ½Sdaeonfudk owdûyrdygonf/ 0rf;ydkuftv,fudk ½IrSwfae&if;u
uRefawmfonf b,fbufodkY apmif;csifvmygonf/
apmif;csifonfhpdwf ay:vmí b,fbufodkY apmif;ypfvdkufaomtcg 0rf;ydkuftv,fü ay:aeaom
a0'emonf aysmufuG,foGm;ygonf/ wzef b,fbufab;wae&mwGif emusifaom a0'emonf
ay:vmjyefygonf/ oufomovdkxifí nmbufodkY apmif;csifonfh pdwf ay:vmjyefaom tcg ½IrSwfNyD;
vSnfhvdkufygonf/ b,fbufydkufwjcrf;rS a0'emaysmufNyD; nmbufydkufwae&mwGif
emusifaoma0'em ay:vmonfudk owdûyrdjyefygonf? þokdYESifh uRefawmf½IrSwfaeaom pdwftpOfonf
wydkufvHk;ü emvdkuf aysmufvdkufjzpfaeaom ae&mtESHYtjym;ay:üom usaeygawmhonf/
uRefawmf\pdwfonf a0'em\tEdkifudk rcH? t½IH;vnf; ray;bJ ½IrSwfNrJ ½IrSwfaeygonf?
ZeD;jzpfolu wwfpGrf;orQûypkNyD; a&m*gESifhywfoufaom tusdK;taMumif;
ar;jref;onfudkyif
½Snf½Snfa0;a0; rajzbJ twdkcsKyfom tajzay;NyD; a0'emudkom ½IrSwfvsufaeygonf? xdkntzdkY
tvGefqdk;0g;NyD; wif;usyfemusifvSaom 0rf;ydkufemudk ½IrSwfvsufyif ukpm;í rdk;xdefxdef
vif;oGm;cJhygonf/
1966-ck? Mo*kwfv 12-&uf/ / rdk;vif;vmcJhaomfvnf; a0'emrSm
aysmufuG,fíroGm;yg? tlvrf;aMumif;yGifhoGm;&ef ntcsdefu 0rf;EIwfaq;aomufNyD;
0rf;csLcHaomfvnf; 0rf;rSm vHk;0roGm;yg? 0rf;ydkufrSm wcsdefxufwcsdef ydkíwif;rmNyD;
azmif;wufíom vmaeygonf/
ZeD;jzpfolonf w,fvDzkef;rSaeNyD; &efukefaq;½HkBuD;rS cGJpdwf txl;uk
q&m0efBuD;xHodkY taMumif;Mum;vdkufygonf/ ]]q&mhrdwfaqG nuwnf;upNyd; ydkufemwm
tcktcsdeftxd roufombl;? 0rf;EIwfaq;wdkufNyD; qyfjym&nfESifh 0rf;csLay;wmvJ
ESpfcg½SdNyD? ckcsdefxd 0rf;vHk;0roGm;bl;? tefvJ tefw,f? tefwmu ESpfBudrf½SdygNyD?
wqdwfaus;Zl;ûyNyD; vma&mufMunhfyg}} qdkaom ZeD;jzpfolu aq;½HkrS q&m0efBuD;tm;
w,fvDzkef;rSaeNyD; yefMum;aeonfh toHonf uRefawmf\em;wGif;odkY 0ifa&mufvmygonf?
0ifa&mufvm&mrS wzef aysmufuG,foGm;jyefygonf? rMumrD txl;ukq&m0ef\ toHonfvnf;
uRefawmf\em;0ü ay:vmygonf? xdkYaemuf uRefawmf\ydkufrSm ol\vufjzifh prf;oyfjcif;udk
cHvdkuf&ygonf? q&m0efonf uRefawmhudk ar;cGef;trsdK;rsdK;xkwfygonf? uRefawmfonf
vdk&if;avmufudkom ajzMum;&if; pdwfudk a0'emay:üom wifxm;ygonf/
tlvrf;aMumif;ydwfa&m*g
0rf;EIwfaq;wdkufíjzpfap? 0rf;csLíjzpfap 0rf;roGm;vQif (Intestinal Obstruction) tlvrf;aMumif;
ydwfaewwfonfudk
q&m0efwdkif; tuJcwfEdkifMuygonf/ odkYaomf ydkufudk cGJMunfhrSom
ydwf&onfhtaMumif;rSefudk wyftyfaocsm odEdkifygonf? tlvrf;aMumif;udk ydwfapwwfonfh
a&m*gaygif;pHkwdkY½Sdonfhteuf uifqma&m*gonf aMumufp&mtaumif;qHk;ESifh
q&m0efrsm;ukvdkY raysmufaom a&m*gjzpfygonf? tlvrf;aMumif; ûAH;ueJydwfoGm;aomtcg
vlrrmonf aobdkYESifh ½SifbdkYteuf aobdkYom rsm;aeonfudk txl;ukq&m0efBuD;vnf; odygonf/
uRefawmfvnf; odygonf/
txl;uk q&m0efonf uRefawmfESifhwuG uRefawmf\ ZeD;tm; tm;ri,f&efESifh oludk,fwdkif
tpGrf;ukefêud;pm;NyD; ukrnfhtaMumif; tm;ay;pum;ajymygonf? uRefawmfrSm
aMumufpdwf r½Sdyg?
pdwfudk 0rf;ydkufwjyifvHk;üom ay:aeaom a0'emrsm;ay:üom wifxm;ygonf/ rkcs
ao&awmh rnf[k ,lqí rdrd\ cE¨mudk,fay:ü ay:NyD;&if; aysmufoGm;&if; jzpfaeaom
a0'em tm½HkrSvGJNyD; rnfonfhtm½HkqDodkYrQ uRefawmf\ pdwfta&mufrcHyg/ rdrdydkif
ypönf;udkvnf; owdr&? ZeD;ESifh om;orD;rsm;udkvnf; owdr&awmhyg?
pGJvrf;p&mtm½HkrSeforQ wckwavrQ ray:vmawmhbJ wif;rm azmif;wuf emusifaeaom
a0'emonfomvQif uRefawmf\pdwfü ay:vdkuf aysmufvdkuf jzpfaeonfudk odae&ygonf/
uRefawmfrSm rvIyf½Sm;EdkifawmhbJ tdyf&may:ü yufvuf vJaeygNyD/
bmrQtusdK;roufa&muf
txl;ukq&m0efonf uRefawmf\0rf;ydkufudk aphpyfpGmMunfhNyD;rS ol\nmvufjzifh
aocsmpGmprf;oyf&if; uRefawmf\ZeD;tm; aemufxyf tvSqD qyfjym&nfjzifh
0rf;csLay;&ef rSmMum;NyD; olYtdrfodkY jyefoGm;ygonf/ ntcsdefuuJhodkY
0rf;xyfcsLaomfvnf; bmrQ tusdK;roufa&mufyg? qyfjym&nfç tvSqDwdkYom
jyefxGufvmygonf/ ½IrSwfvsufaeaompdwfonf a0'emESifh wxyfwnf;vdk usaecJh&mrS
xkdaeYnydkif;odkY a&mufaomtcg txl;ukq&m0efonf oludk,fwdkif vma&mufNyD;
uRefawmhtm;aq;½HkodkY ac:aqmifoGm;ygonf/ wcsdefxuf wcsdef uRefawmf\a&m*grSm ydkNyD;
qdk;vmygonf/ ½IrSwfvdkYr&Edkifatmif jzpfvmcJhaomfvnf; ½IrSwfonfhpdwfwdkYudk
tavQmhray;cJhyg/
uRefawmf\ cE¨mudk,fonf yufvufwrsdK;wnf; raeEdkifawmhyg/ tdyf&may:wGif vdrfhaeygonf/
emusifaoma0'emrS oufomcGifh&&ef b,fbuf'l;udk auG;NyD; nmbufajcovHk;udk
b,fbuf'l;ay:odkY wifum oufomvdk oufomjim; prf;Munfhygonf/
½IrSwfaeaompdwf? jyif;xefpGm ay:vGifaeaom a0'em? tvl;tvJjzpfaeaom cE¨mudk,fwdkYonf
olomigEdkif wdkufyGJ0ifaeouJhodkY xif&ygonf/
uRefawmf\ aetdrfrS aq;½HkBuD; ta&;ay:XmetwGif;cef;odkY a&mufonfhwdkifatmif
jyif;xefvSaom a0'emwdkYonf ay:vdkuf? todpdwfuav;rsm;onfvnf; aysmufoGm;vdkuf? ywf0ef;usifrS
qlnHaom toHwdkYonf em;xJ0ifvmvdkufESifh wvSnfhpD xdktm½Hkqdk;rsm;qDodkYom
a&mufaeygawmhonf/ wcgw&Hü jyif;xefaom a0'emonf ay:vGifaeygonf/
uRefawmfonf tcef;eHygwf(3)ESifh (4)wGif½Sd vGwfaeaom ckwifwae&may:ü
a&mufoGm;yg onf/
ckwifay:ü vJavsmif;NyD; cHpm;rIrsm;ESifh ay:&mtm½Hkrsm;wdkYudkom pdkufNyD;
½IrSwfvsufaepOf cGJpdwftxl;uk q&m0ef a&mufvmNyD; a&m*ga0'em\
ordkif;jzpfpOfudk xyfrHar;jrefygonf/ ar;jrefNyD; aemuf 0rf;ydkufudk
"mwfrSef½dkuf&eftwGuf "mwfrSefXmeodkY tvsiftjref ac:oGm;&ef
q&mrESifh olemûy vufaxmufrsm;tm; apcdkif;vkdufygonf/
olemûyESifh vufaxmufrsm;onf "mwfrSefXmeodkYuRefawmhudk aqmifoGm;Muygonf/
pdk;&drfrI? aMumufvefYrI? idka<u;rI? a'goxGufrIrsm; vHk;0ay:rvmyg/
"mwfrSefXmeü uRefawmf\ ydkufudk "mwfrSef½dkufNyD;aom tcg uRefawmf\
tltv,fydkif;rSm ydwfqdkYaeonfudk awGYjrif&ygonf/ "mwfrSefyg&*luvnf;
tltv,fydkif; ydwfvsufaeonf[kyif rSwfcsufa&;vkdufygonf/
cGJpdwfuko&ef
olemûyESifh vufaxmufrsm;onf uRefawmhtm; tcef;eHygwf(3)ESifh (4) odkY jyefNyD;
ac:aqmifoGm;ygonf/ uRefawmf\a&m*gtaMumif;udk od&ygonf/ txl;cGJpdwfukay;aom
q&m0efü 0rf;ydkufudk cGJpdwfNyD; ydwfaeaom tltpdwftydkif;udk jzwfawmufNyD;
jyefquf&ef? odkYr[kwf tltacGvdkuf &pfywfaevQifvnf; aeom;wusjzpfatmif
jyefvnfûyjyif&ef? um;xGufaeaom tlatmufydkif;xJodkY êuHYaeaom tltv,fydkif;u
wdk;0ifaecJhvQifvnf; jyefvnfqGJxkwfay;&ef? 0rf;ydkufudk cGJpdwfMunfhNyD;
aemuf
ydkuftwGif; ae&mtESHYtjym;ü tjrpfwG,fvsufaeaom uifqmtBudwfrsm;udk awGYjrifí
vSD;jzwf y,f½Sm;ypf&ef? rjzpfEdkifvQifvnf; rnfodkYrQ rvkyfbJ 0rf;ydkufudk
jyefvnfydwfypfay;&ef tcGifhta&; ½Sdaeygonf/ cGJpdwfukoay;onfhwdkifatmif uRefawmf\
toufraobJ a&m*gaysmufvdrfhrnf[k tmr rcHEdkifyg/ owdBuD;pGmjzifh pGefYpm;NyD;
cGJpdwfukoaomtcg awGYjrif&rnfh 0rf;wGif;½Sd a&m*gtpdkiftcJ rsm;udk ol\
"m;vufeufjzifh vSD;jzwfNyD; toufudk u,fEdkifpGrf;½SdvQif êud;pm;NyD; u,fwifrnf?
ru,fq,fEdkifvQifvnf; Oayu©m ½Ivdkuf½Hkom ½Sdayonf/
yg&*lonf uRefawmhudk cGJpdwfuko&eftwGuf ZeD;jzpfol\ oabmwlnDcsufudk ,lygonf/
uRefawmf\ ZeD;u cGJpdwfukoNyD;rS jzpfap? tu,fí cGJpdwfuko&if;
uRefawmfaoqHk;oGm;cJhvQif ta&;rqdkyg? cGJpdwf&ef cGifhûy oabmwlnDonfh taMumif;udk
vufrSwf a&;xdk;vdkufygonf/
cGJpdwftxl;ukq&m0efu uRefawmhudk cGJpdwfuko&ef qHk;jzwfvdkufygonf/
ZeD;jzpfol uvnf;
oabmwlNyD;ygNyD/ uRefawmfonf tdyf&may:üyif rsufpdrSdwfvsufay:vmorQ tm½Hkwdkif;udkom
½IrSwfaepOf q&m0efuav;ESifh olemûyq&mruav;wdkYonf uRefawmhteD;odkY
a&mufvmMuNyD; q&m0efuav;u uRefawmf\ ESmacgif;aygufuav;rSaeNyD; (Ryle's Tube) a&mfbmydkufvHk;uav;udk uRefawmf\ tpmtdrftwGif;odkY
a&mufatmifxdk;oGif;vdkufygonf/ a&mfbm>yefuav;\ wzufpGef;onf uRefawmf\
vnfacsmif;odkY a&mufoGm;&m uRefawmhvnfacsmif; twGif;rSm wpfqdkYaeonfh cHpm;rIudk
êuHawGY&ygonf/
a&mfbmydkufvHk;uav;onf vnfacsmif;udk ausmfvGefNyD; tpma&rsdKvrf;aMumif; (Oesophagus) udk jzwfNyD; tpmtdrftwGif;odkY a&muf½SdoGm;aomtcg vnfacsmif;wGif;ü
wpfqdkYaeí tcH&cufaeonfh t½Sdefonf avsmhusoGm;onfudk owdûyrdygonf? uRefawmf\pdwfonf
emaeaom 0rf;ydkuftay:ü usonfhtcgvnf; usaeonf? vnfacsmif;wGif;ü cdk;vdk;ckvk jzpfaeonfudk
vnf; owdûyrdygonf/
xdktm½HkawG Mum;xJu uRefawmf\ vufarmif;rS aeNyD;
(Dextrose with Saline) oMum;ESifh
qm; a&mpyfxm;aom t&nfoGif;&eftwGuf q&m0efuav;onf vufarmif;v,frS
aoG;jyefaMumxJodkY cRefxufaomtyfuav; xdk;oGif;vdkufí emusifaom a0'emuav;udkvnf;
od&jyefygonf? tcef;wGif;½Sd ay:vmorQaom tm½Hkqdk;wdkYonf ay:vmNyD;wdkif;
aysmufuG,fvsuf ½Sdaeonfudkom awGY&onfhMum;xJu wm0efcH txl;ukq&m0efonf n
10-em&DtcsdefwGif uRefawmf\tdyf&mem;odkY a&mufvmum
]]cGJoifhwJhtaMumif;awGuawmh ½SdwmbJ/ 'gayrJh uRefawmfwdkY (Conservative Treatment) rcGJbJeJY apmifhMunfhcsifao;w,f? ckaetcgrSm (Suction and Replacement) tpmtdrfwGif;rS tykyfa&awG pkwfxkwf&if; vufarmif;aoG;jyefaMumxJrS
aeNyD; oMum;ESifh qm;a&awG oGif;ay;oGm;tHk;r,f}}/
uRefawmfonf cGJpdwfukq&m0ef ajymqdkorQwdkYudk em;axmifvsufom aeygonf? uRefawmfu
rnfodkYrQ jyefrajymyg? q&m0efyif jzpfaomfvnf; xdktcsdefu vlrrmjzpfaeojzifh
cGJpdwfukoaom q&m0ef\ nTefMum;csufwdkYudk waoGrwdrf; vdkufem&ygonf/
ay:vdkuf aysmufvdkuf
cGJpdwftxl;ukq&m0ef xGufcGgoGm;aomtcg wm0efcH q&m0efuav;onf uRefawmf\
tpmtdrftwGif;rS ykyfa[mifNyD; rpifeHYxGufaeaom pdrf;zefYzefY ta&rsm;wdkYudk pwifNyD;
pkwfxkwf ypfygawmhonf/
rpifeHYxGufaeaom a&rsm;wdkYudk zef>yefjzifh pkwfxkwfNyD;onfhtcgwdkif;
uRefawmhtem;wGif ½Sdaom q&m0efuav;onf (Kidney Tray) ac: cGufaumufuav;xJodkY pGefYypfaeygonf? cGufaumuf uav;xJrS xGufay:vmaom
rpifeHYonf uRefawmf\ ESmacgif;xJodkY a&mufvmygonf/
emaeaom 0rf;ydkuf? cdk;vdk;ckvkjzpfaeaom vnfacsmif;? rpifeHYxGufaeaom cGufaumuf
twGif;rS
teHYqdk;rsm;? uRefawmf\ckwifab;em;rS wjcm; vlrrmrsm;atmfoH? nnf;ñloHrsm;wdkYudk
uRefawmfonf wrsdK;NyD;wrsdK; awGYae&ygonf? cHpm;&orQ eHorQwdkYonf wvSnfhpDay:vsuf
ae&mrS wvSnfhpD jyefNyD; aysmufvsufomaeygonf/
n 11-em&DtcsdefwGif txl;uk q&m0ef\ nTefMum;csuft& q&m0efuav;onf
uRefawmh wifyg;udk tdyfaq; xdk;ay;vdkufNyD;aemuf em&D0ufcefY Mumaomtcg w&m;pOfudk
½IrSwfae&if;u uRefawmfonf tdyfaysmfoGm;ygawmhonf/
1966-ckESpf? Mo*kwfv 13-&uf/
/ paeaeY eHeuf 10-em&DcGJtcsdefwGif
uRefawmhtm; ûypkaeaom txl;ûy olemûyq&mr ra|;arudk awGYjrif&ygonf/
uRefawmfonf owdxm;NyD; 0rf;ydkufudk jyefvnf½IrSwfMunfhaomtcg emusifaom a0'emrSm
,refaeYuuJhodkY r[kwfawmhyg? ododomomBuD; avsmhusoGm;onfudk owdûyrdoGm;ygonf?
uRefawmf\ESmacgif;xJrSmvnf; ½Sif;oGm;onf[k odvmygonf? wudk,fvHk;rSmvnf; aeomxdkifom
½Sdvmygonf/
tapmifhq&mru ]]nwkef;u q&m0efuav;awG vmNyD; 2-em&DwBudrfus 0rf;xJu
ta&awGudk om;a&ydkufvHk;uaeNyD; pkwfxkwfay;Muw,f? awmfawmfMumvQifvJ olwdkY
vmMuvdrfh tHk;r,f}} [k ajymygonf/
uRefawmfonf rSdef;vsufaeygonf? qdk;0g;aom 'ku©a0'emrS wajz;ajz; ukefqHk;vdkuf
vmygonf?
uRefawmf\pdwfonf Nidrf;at;vmNyD; ywf0ef;usifrS tm½HkrsdK;pHkwdkYonf ,refaeYuuJhodkY
ay:xGufaeaomfvnf; uRefawmf\pdwfonf xdktm½Hkrsm;udk Oayu©mûyvsuf½IEdkifaeygonf/
naeydkif; 4-em&DtcsdefwGif uRefawmf\tdrfom;rsm;ESifh aqGrsdK; rdwfo*F[rsm;onf
aq;½HkBuD;½Sd uRefawmhtm; wifxm;aom vlemcef;odkY a&mufvmMuygonf? rdwfaqGrsm;udk
EIwfrqufEdkifyg? ûyH;vsufomjyEdkifygonf? cHpm;cJh&aom a0'emqdk;BuD;aMumifh
tm;tifrsm;rSm ukefcef;oGm;í toHrSm rxGufawmhyg? pum;rajymEdkifí rSdef;vsufom
ae&ygonf/
udk,fyef;ap
pdwfrEGrf;apeJY
aemufwBudrf rsufaphudk jyefzGifhMunfh&mwGif omoemh&dyfomrS aus;Zl;½Sif
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